基于数据包络分析的灌区农业生产综合效率评价与分析

Efficiency of Agricultural Production in Irrigation Districts of China:Assessed Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method

为评价中国灌区农业生产综合效率的空间差异性,采用数据包络分析(Data envelopment analysis,DEA)方法对全国440个灌区2010年的农业生产综合相对效率进行评估,并基于不同区域灌区农业生产投入及其冗余状况对生产效率提升途径进行探索。结果表明,8个灌区的相对效率为1.000,达到DEA有效;灌区间农业生产效率差异显著,绝大部分(327个)不足0.300,省区尺度生产效率无明显空间分布规律;各投入指标对应存在冗余灌区个数分别为319(有效灌溉面积)、369(绿水)、155(蓝水)、298(化肥)及207(农业机械);非DEA有效灌区5个投入指标的可减少量占所有评价单元投入总量的比例分别为23.8%、39.2%、18.1%、29.0%以及19.9%。综上可知,各非DEA有效灌区应根据自身投入指标冗余状况优化配置和管理资源以提高区域综合农业生产效率,其中绿水资源高效利用是全国范围内广泛面临的问题;东北和西北地区需注重水土资源配置效率提升,而南方粮食主产区应注重水肥高效利用机制的研究与实践。

The agricultural productive efficiency of 440 irrigation districts in 2010 in China was analyzed in this paper using data envelopment analysis（DEA）.We also calculated the redundancy of the input index for these districts.The results showed that the relative efficiency of eight irrigation districts was 1.0 and their DEA was effective.Agricultural productive efficiency in these irrigation districts was remarkably different and most of them（327） had an efficiency less than 0.3.The provincial average of the productive efficiency was all less than 0.5,varying randomly across the country.The input indices corresponding to redundant irrigation areas were 319（for effective irrigation area）,369（for green water）,155（for blue water）,298（for fertilizer）,and 207（for agricultural machinery）.The six input indicators innon-DEA districts,which could be made reductant,were 23.8%,39.2%,18.1%,29.0%,and 19.9%,respectively.The non-DEA effective unit should allocate and manage agricultural production resources to improve the comprehensive regional agricultural production efficiency according to its own input redundancy.The utilization efficiency of green water resources was an issue considered nationwide.The northeast and northwest provinces should pay attention to water and land resource allocation efficiency,while the southern major regions of grain production should lay stress on research and practice of utilization mechanism of water and fertilizer.