喜马拉雅山珠峰段蚂蚁物种的分布格局

Distribution patterns of ant species from Mount Everest Section of Mt. Himalaya

为了揭示喜马拉雅山蚂蚁物种的分布规律,采用样地调查法研究了珠峰段蚂蚁物种的分布格局。合计发现蚁科Formicidae 3亚科13属23种,蚂蚁物种的分布主要受气温因素制约。大多数物种分布范围狭窄,对高山环境的适应性较弱,适应性强的物种较少。珠峰段北坡分布有4个物种,山间谷地仅分布有3个物种,而南坡分布有22个物种。蚂蚁物种对植被类型的选择受气温和植物丰富度的共同影响,在8类生境中,中山阔叶林的物种最丰富。在9类场所中,以石下筑巢和地表觅食的物种最丰富。西藏盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster tibetana Donisthorpe是珠峰段分布范围最广、占据生境类型最多的物种,其分布上限高达4980 m,是目前已知西藏境内分布最高的物种。

In order to reveal the distribution role of ant species in Mt. Himalaya, distribution patterns of ant species from Mount Everest Section were investigated by using sample-plot method. Totally, 23 species belonging to 3 subfamilies and 13 genera of Formicidae were recognized. Distribution of ant species is mainly affected by air temperature. Most species express weak adaptability to alpine environment and have a narrow distribution range, only a few species evolve strong adaptability. Four species dwell on the north slope, only 3 species live in the mountain valley, and 22 species distribute on the south slope. Selection of vegetation types by ant species is commonly influenced by air temperature and plant richness. Subalpine broadleaf forest has the richest ant species among the 8 vegetation types. In the 9 types of dwelling places, majority of the ant species choice to nest under stone and forage on the ground. Aphaenogaster tibetana Donisthorpe is the extensively distributed species occupying most habitats in the Mount Everest Section and the known most highly distributed species in Tibet reached to altitude 4980 m.