近30年来深圳福田红树林昆虫群落特征及其对生境变化的响应

Dynamics of mangrove insect community from Futian National Nature reserve, Shenzhen during the past 30 years and their responses to habitat changes

通过实地调查与文献数据分析,总结了近30年来深圳福田红树林的昆虫群落组成及变化趋势,结合人类活动的影响和土地利用变化,探讨了昆虫群落特征对生境变化的响应。结果表明,不同时期的昆虫群落组成存在较大差异,2012-2013年昆虫群落的种类最丰富,由10目57科113种组成,1993-1994年昆虫群落由9目59科94种组成,1999年和2008-2009年的昆虫种类均较少。20世纪80年代末至90年代,城市建设大量占用和破坏红树林湿地,昆虫种类减少,海榄雌瘤斑螟等害虫种群爆发。2008-2010年,通过开展福田红树林湿地生态系统修复工程,优化了生态系统结构,随后,昆虫多样性在一定程度上得以恢复,种类比以往有明显增多,尤其是天敌昆虫的种类比前期有较大增加。

The insect community composition and trends were analyzed based on field survey and literature material in mangrove in Futian, Shenzhen during the past 30 years. The response of insect community to habitat changes was discussed on the basis of human activities and land use change. The results showed that the composition of insect community in different periods were obviously different. 113 species of insect belonging to 57 families and 10 orders were identified during 2012 to 2013. The number of insect species was highest during 2012 to 2013 , followed by that during 1993 to 1994 , 1999 and 2008 to 2009. The mangrove wetland has suffered greater environmental stress due to the rapid economic development and urban construction in the late 1980 s to the 1990 s. Insect species have significantly decreased. Populations of pests such as Acrobasis sp. began to outbreak. The structure of ecosystem was optimized through ecosystem restoration project in mangrove wetland in 2008 -2010. Subsequently, insect diversity was recovered to some extent. Insect species increased obviously than that in the past, and particularly the kind of natural enemies has a larger increase.