宋代帝王巡幸及其仪制考论

Discussion on Emperors' Inspection in Song Dynasty and Related Systems

巡幸是指古代帝王巡视地方州郡。宋代因其所处外部环境,其帝王巡幸不仅有北宋初期带有军事性质的亲征巡幸和南宋高宗朝的逃亡性质巡幸,亦包括祭祀性质的巡幸和纯粹的省方。宋太祖与太宗几次地方巡幸均带有军事性质,其规制不如太平盛世时一样铺张奢华。北宋祭祀性质的巡幸及地方州郡巡幸不仅其仪仗具有一定规制,而且在服饰、迎驾、途中恩赐、考察地方制度以及回京等环节均有相关仪制。而南宋高宗朝处于遭受金人一次次南侵的窘境下,其所谓"巡幸"不过借此名义向南逃亡而已。

The inspection tour referred to the ancient emperors patrolling local counties. Due to the external environment of Song Dynasty,the emperors＇ inspection tours included not only punitive expedition in the early Northern Song Dynasty,and the tour into exile in Gaozong Dynasty,but also the sacrificial inspecting and pure trips to local places. Several inspections of Taizu and Taizong possessed military nature,and their regulations were not extravagant as during the peaceful times. As to the sacrificial inspection and patrolling the local county in Northern Song Dynasty,there were not only certain regulation in a guard of honor,but also related ceremonies in terms of costume,greeting the emperor,favor on the way,investigating local system and returning to the capital. Though the so-called ＂inspection＂of Gao Zong emperor was just an act of exile to the south under the predicament of the troops to Jin invasion to the southern area.