发展中国家气候融资的困境与突破——以拉丁美洲和加勒比地区为例

Dilemma and Breakthrough of Climate Financing Facing by Developing Countries: A Perspective from Latin America and Caribbean

气候变化是当今世界备受关注的全球性问题之一。发展中国家因经济实力有限且面临严峻的环境问题,在全球气候治理中处于被援助和被约束的地位。作为一种全球气候治理公共产品,气候融资能够帮助发展中国家应对气候变化造成的不利影响。作者以拉丁美洲和加勒比地区为例,从发展中国家参与全球气候治理的角度对气候融资的困境及突破方式进行了回顾与展望。拉丁美洲和加勒比国家面临融资缺口大、地区分布不均和融资渠道窄、类型集中两大问题。未来,拉丁美洲和加勒比国家应积极参与气候融资,尤其要加强南南合作,从建立各自国家气候变化基金入手,与国际援助对接;同时,重点发展开发性金融与绿色金融产品,坚持贡献与补偿相匹配原则,争取更多的气候适应资金。

Climate change is one of the most important problems in the world. Due to the limited economic strength and the severe environmental problems,developing countries are in the position of being supported and constrained in the Global Climate Governance. As global public goods, Climate Financing could help developing countries cope with the adverse effects of climate change. Taking Latin America and Caribbean region as an example,this essay reviews and summaries the dilemma and the breakthrough faced by developing countries in taking part in the Global Climate Governance. The Latin America and the Caribbean countries encompass a huge diversity of landscapes and ecosystems,and it is imperative for them to take effective measures to confront climate problems. However,because of the financing difficulties of Global Climate Governance,large financing gap and uneven regional distribution,as well as narrow financing channels and concentrated areas are two major problems for Latin America and Caribbean countries. Looking ahead,they should actively participate in climate financing, especially the South-South Cooperation. They should establish their national climate change fund and be connected to the international aid.Meanwhile,Development Finance and Green Finance are two points they should pay attention to. They should also adhere to the principle of matching contribution and compensation,trying to get more funds for climate adaptation.