新式免疫佐剂在过敏原特异性免疫耐受治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of new immune adjuvant in allergen-specific immune tolerance therapy

过敏原特异性免疫治疗(allergen-specific immunotherapy,SIT)是迄今从源头上治疗过敏性疾病的根本手段。通过阶段性增加特异性过敏原的使用量,而不断增强机体的免疫耐受。目前常规治疗方法包括皮下注射疗法及舌下含服法,此两种方法均需要通过特异性脱敏制剂而达到预期目标。免疫佐剂(immune adjuvant,IA)是一类可自然或人工合成的免疫增强剂,不仅能够增强脱敏制剂的疗效,同时也可降低脱敏制剂的使用量,在临床上广泛应用于脱敏制剂的制备。本文重点阐述了当今新式免疫佐剂的种类、作用机制及其在临床上的特异性免疫耐受治疗中的应用价值,为脱敏制剂的制备及临床应用提供重要的理论参考及实践意义。

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（SIT） is the mainly effective way to originally treat allergicdisease till now. It relies upon gradually increasing doses of specific allergens to establish long terms ofallergen-specific tolerance, and the most commonly used ways include subcutaneous immunotherapy（SCIT） andsublingual immunotherapy（SLIT） by using desensitization agents. Immune adjuvant（IA） is a kind ofimmunoenhancement agent which can be naturally or artificially synthesized. IA has widely used to preparedesensitization agents, not only because of its effects on increasing therapeutic efficiency, but also on decreasing thedoses of desensitization agents. We emphasize the types, mechanism and clinical usages of the new immuneadjuvants till today in this review, in order to give evidences to the important theoretical value and practicalsignificances for the preparation and clinical uses of desensitization agents.