头颈部肿瘤患者住院时间的影响因素分析

Factors Related to the Length of Hospital Stay of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

目的探讨头颈部肿瘤患者住院时间的影响因素。方法 2015年9月至2016年9月,便利抽样法选取在重庆市某2所三级甲等医院住院的头颈部肿瘤患者154例为研究对象。采用营养风险评分表和自行设计问卷对患者的人口学资料、疾病特征资料、营养支持情况以及临床结局指标进行调查。结果本研究的头颈部肿瘤患者住院时间为6~81d(中位数20.5d)。单因素分析结果发现营养风险评分、活检次数、疾病种类、治疗方式、感染性并发症和营养支持因素对住院时间均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Logistic分析,性别、活检次数、营养风险、疾病种类、治疗方式以及感染性并发症是头颈部肿瘤患者住院时间的独立影响因素。结论头颈部肿瘤患者住院时间的影响因素较多,主要可从减少活检次数、降低患者营养风险、改进治疗方式、防治感染性并发症等方面寻找突破口,有针对性地采取操作性更强的措施开展医疗护理工作,从而缩短患者住院时间,改善预后。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the length of hospital stay for head and neck cancer （HNC）patients.Methods By convenience sampling,totally 154 HNC inpatients from September 2015 to June 2016 were recruited and assessed by nutritional risk screening scale and self-designed ques-tionnaires on demographic data,disease attributes,nutritional support and clinical outcome,and the results were analyzed.Results The result demonstrated that the length of stay in hospital was from 6 days to 81 days,with a median of 20.5 days.The results of univariate analysis showed that nutritional risk score,num-ber of biopsy,types of disease,treatment methods,infectious complications and nutritional support had sig-nificant influence on the length of hospital stays （P〈0.05）.Logistic analysis showed that gender,number of biopsies,nutritional risk,disease types,treatment methods and infectious complications were independ-ent factors influencing the duration of hospitalization in HNC patients.Conclusion There are many factors affecting the length of hospital stay of head and neck cancer patients.It is practicable to find a breakthrough from the reduction of times of biopsy and nutritional risk,improvements in treatment modalities,preven-tion and treatment of infectious complications in patients,and adopt more operational measures and niche targeting methods to carry out medical work,to shorten the length of hospital stay and improve the prog-nosis.