泰安市住院患者压疮现患率和医院内获得性压疮发生率的调查

Research of Prevalence of Pressure Injury and Hospital-acquired Pressure Injury in Tai'an

目的了解泰安市住院患者压疮现患率及医院内获得性压疮发生率,提供预防压疮发生的有效措施。方法 2016年7月采用欧洲压疮专家组设计并经过信效度检验的资料收集工具和美国伤口造口失禁护士协会制定的压疮现患率调查工具,对泰安市7所医院住院患者压疮现患率进行横断面研究。结果本次共调查了8091例患者,压疮现患率为0.91%,其中医院内获得性压疮发生率为0.10%。共筛选出压疮患者74例共计120处压疮,最常见的压疮部位是骶尾部占46.67%,其次是坐骨10.83%,足踝10.83%,髋部6.67%,跟骨4.17%,股骨隆突、肩胛骨、耳廓、髂棘处各2.5%,其他部位10.83%;最常见的压疮分期为2期占27.50%,1期占13.33%,3期占14.16%,4期占11.67%,不可分期和深部组织损伤各占16.67%;使用减压装置者占63.51%,每2h变换体位者占87.84%,两种预防措施均使用者占59.46%。结论本次调研显示,三级医院和综合性医院压疮的现患率高于二级医院,使用减压装置和实现规律翻身等预防措施落实欠到位,亟需加强压疮的预防和监管。

Objective To understand the prevalence of pressure injury and hospital-acquired pressure injury in Tai＇an,in order to provide the preventive methods.Methods Data collection instrument from European pressure ulcer advisory panel（EPUAP）and pressure injury data collection tool from wound,ostomy and continence nurses society（WOCNs）were used to investigate the date of 7 hospitals in Tai＇an in the study.Results A sample of 8091 cases was surveyed.The overall prevalence was 0.91%,in which hospitalacquired pressure injury prevalence was 0.10%.A total of 74 inpatients had 120 pressure injuries.The most common location was sacrococcygeal region（46.67%）,followed by ischium（10.83%）,ankle（10.83%）,hip bone（6.67%）,heel（4.17%）,femoral brontosis,scapula,auricle,and iliac spine（both 2.5%）,and other parts（10.83%）.The common pressure stages were stage Ⅱ（27.50%）,stage I（13.33%）,stage ⅡI（14.16%）and stage IV（11.67%）,unstageable and deep tissue injury（both 16.67%）.The support surface were used by 63.51% of the inpatients,and 87.84%could reposition in 2 hours,59.46%of the inpatients used both two preventive methods.Conclusion The survey shows that the prevalence of pressure injury in Class ⅡI hospitals and general hospitals is higher than it in Class Ⅱ hospitals.The preventive methods are not effectively implemented,which require to strengthen the prevention and supervision of pressure injury.