“心外无物”:王阳明与贝克莱

“Nothing Exists Without the Mind”:WANG Yang-ming VS George Berkeley

王阳明和贝克莱的"心外无物"的观点有诸多类似的地方,但也有些具体的差异。首先,关于"心"的问题上,王阳明的"心"或"心体"指内存天理的道德之心,而贝克莱之"心"是认识、产生观念或对象的精神实体。其次,在"物"的理解上,王阳明的"物"虽然可以泛指各种存在之物,但主要指意向性的活动和赋予对象的意义活动;贝克莱之"物"是指观念的集合物(对象、事物)。它们的共同点是"依心而在"。最后,在"心外无物"的观点上,王阳明的"心外无物"主要包括三种含义:意之所在便是物,事物之意义因人而存在,仁者的境界;而贝克莱所谓"心外无物"则有两层含义:作为观念的"事物"不能在精神之外存在,心外没有物质实体存在。

The opinions of ＂Nothing Exists Without the Mind＂ of WANG Yang-ming and George Berkeley share many similarities but some differences.Firstly,as to the concept of mind,Wang＇s mind or mind body refers to morality in mind with justice while Berkeley＇s mind refers to spiritual substance which recognizes and generates ideas.Secondly,as to the understanding of substance,Wang＇s substance emphasizes intentional and meaningful activities while Berkeley＇s substance refers to collection of ideas（objects,things）.Both of them depend on mind.Finally,as to the concept of ＂Nothing Exists Without the Mind＂,Wang believes that mind means substance so that the meaning of substance varies with each individual while Berkeley believe that substance,as an idea,cannot exist without the mind so that there is no substance out of one＇s mind.