宋朝寻医制度考论

“Xun Yi” System of Officials in the Song Dynasty

唐中后期以来,随着中央政府对官员人身控制的减弱和使职差遣的发展,就不断有官员称病寻医的现象出现。宋初,中央政府重建了文武官员病假管理制度,将寻医现象压缩在有限的空间内。北宋中期以后,寻医逐渐摆脱病告的窠臼而演变成一项独立的病告制度。这无疑是员多阙少的矛盾使然,也是寻医具有制度约束力的基础。南宋以后,寻医制度在国家和官员的双重作用下逐渐演变成朝廷奖惩和官员避罪等的工具。寻医制度的产生、发展与异变,深刻地揭露了两宋的政治生态。

Due to the control of Central Government to officials and the development of temporary duties from the late Tang Dynasty,officials＇ ＂Xun Yi＂（i.e.,sick leave）increases.In the early Song Dynasty,with the establishment of sick leave system,＂Xun Yi＂ reduces.＂Xun Yi＂ gradually transformed into a special sick leave system in mid period of the Northern Song Dynasty,which is caused by the surpass of desired to be an official than the official vacancies,and in return became a foundation of ＂Xun Yi＂＇s monitoring power.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,the government has made use of that system to reward or punish officials.The change of the sick leave system profoundly reveals political environment of the Song Dynasty.