大学生自杀相关行为与不同家庭因素之间的关系研究

Correlation study on the suicidal behavior and family factors in college students

目的:分析不同家庭因素(父母职业、学历、家庭收入、主要照顾者)对大学生自杀相关行为的影响。方法:采取分层整群抽样的方法对芜湖地区8所高校4585名大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学特征及中国青少年健康危险行为调查问卷。结果:共调查4160人,其中男生1970人(47.4%),女生2190人(52.6%),328人(7.9%)出现自杀意念,92人(2.2%)有自杀计划和自杀实施行为发生。大学生自杀相关行为的发生率受父母文化程度及职业影响,高学历且职业相对稳定者的子女易发生自杀行为;家庭年收入高于10万的大学生自杀实施的发生率较高(χ~2=23.065,P<0.01);家庭主要照顾者为继父母或其他的大学生自杀计划发生率较高(χ~2=6.948,P<0.05)。结论:大学生自杀相关行为容易受家庭因素影响,应针对性地改善家庭环境,加强情感表达,增进家长与孩子之间的感情联结。

Objective： To analyze different family factors（ including the occupation and educational background of parents,total family income and primary caregivers） affecting the suicide-related behaviors in college students. Methods： By stratified cluster sampling,we conducted a survey on 4 585 students from 8 colleges in Wuhu area with questionnaire that included demographic characteristics and components in the Health Risk Behaviors for Chinese Adolescents. Results： A total of 4 160 subjects completed the survey,in which 1970（ 47.4%） were males and 2190（ 52.6%） females. 328（ 7.9%） students reported suicidal ideation,and 92（ 2.2%） once had suicidal plans and even practiced suicide. The suicidal behaviors in college students were associated with the educational background and occupation of their parents,and students with highly educated parents and parents with stable occupation were prone to committing suicide. Higher suicide attempt and suicidal plans were found in students whose family income were above 100 000 RMB yuan,and whose caregivers were stepfathers and stepmothers or other relatives（ χ~2= 23.065,P 0.01; χ~2= 6.948,P 0.05,respectively）. Conclusion： Suicidal behavior in college students may be more vulnerable to domestic factors. This indicates that it is important to improve the family environment on specific basis and strengthen the emotional expression and bonds among family members,especially between parents and children,in order to reduce the incidence of such behaviors.