全球深水富油气盆地分布格局及成藏主控因素

Distribution framework and main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation of global oil and gas-rich deepwater basins

通过对全球深水富油气盆地的分布及成藏主控因素的总结分析,发现全球深水富油气盆地呈"一横二竖"分布格局,全球已发现深水富油盆地群主要分布在南北走向的大西洋深水盆地群的"一竖",受"南湖北海南北向断陷盆地群"影响;全球已发现深水富气盆地群沿新特提斯构造域及东非陆缘盆地群呈"一横一竖"展布,受"海陆过渡断陷盆地群"影响;通过对世界主要深水富油气盆地成藏要素的系统对比分析研究,认为全球富油气深水盆地油气成藏主控因素可归纳为以下5种类型:(1)盐构造、输导体系和大型浊积扇共同控藏;(2)源控区,大型储集体控藏;(3)源盖控区,大型三角洲控藏;(4)源盖控区,礁滩控藏;(5)源热控区,输导体系和圈闭控藏。

On the basis of summarization and analyses of the distribution and main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation of oil and gas-rich deepwater basins in the world,it is found that the distribution of global oil and gas-rich deepwater basins is characterized by a basic framework of＂double vertical and one horizontal＂arrangements.The oil discovered in deepwater basins of the world are mainly distributed in the submeridional Atlantic offshore deepwater basins presenting a framework of＂one vertical＂arrangement,which is affected by the so-called＂south-lacus and north-marine fault basins with north-south strike＂.The gas discovered in deepwater basins of the world are mainly distributed in the Neotethys structural domain and East African continental marginal basins presenting a framework of＂one vertical and one horizontal＂arrangements,which is affected by the so-called＂ocean and continent transitional facies fault basins＂.Based on a systematic comparative analyses of accumulation factors of the major deepwater oil and gas-rich basins in the world,it is also found that the main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation of oil and gas-rich deepwater basins in the world can be summed up into the following five types：（1）reservoirs controlled by salt structure,pathway system and large turbidite fan coordinately;（2）hydrocarbon provinces controlled by source rocks,reservoir controlled by large-scale reservoirs;（3）hydrocarbon provinces controlled by source rocks and covers,reservoirs controlled by large-scale deltas;（4）hydrocarbon provinces controlled by source rocks and covers,reservoirs controlled by reef flats;（5）hydrocarbon provinces controlled by source rocks and geothermal heats,reservoirs controlled by pathway systems and traps.