深水沉积理论研究现状、存在问题及发展趋势

Research review,existing problems and future direction of deepwater sedimentary theory

深水沉积理论研究历经近70年历史,在分歧和争议中不断发展,一直是沉积学研究领域的热点问题。回顾深水沉积研究史,大体可将其分为3个阶段:(1)1950—1980年代的"浊流"与"浊积岩"时代;(2)1980—2000年代的深水牵引流发展及经典模式反思时代;(3)2000年至今的砂质碎屑流冲击和深水斜坡沉积模式时代。但时至今日,由于深水沉积过程本身的复杂性,深水沉积领域仍存在颇多争议和问题,主要集中在沉积物重力流术语的复杂混乱、深水牵引流沉积的识别评价及固定沉积模式与动态流体性质转换的分歧这3个问题上,深水沉积过程和流态转换的精确识别刻画及综合沉积模式的建立是当今深水沉积研究的难点。有效预测深水砂岩储层,发现更多深水油气资源是深水沉积研究的迫切诉求。今后的深水沉积研究应努力实现深水沉积概念术语的规范统一,同时注重地震沉积学应用,并大力发展实验模拟技术,多学科交叉发展,建立"源—渠—汇"综合及沉积流态有序转化的沉积模式,最终有效指导深水油气勘探。

During the past nearly 70 years,deepwater sedimentary theory has been developed in the disputes with disagree,and has always been a hot domain in sedimentology.Review of the research history of deepwater sedimentation,It can be divided into three stages：first is＂turbidity current＂and＂turbidite＂period in 1950 s-1980 s,second is the development of deepwater traction current and the reflecting period of the classical depositional model in 1980 s-2000 s,and the recent period of sandy debris flow and the deepwater slope sedimentation model.But,to date,there are still quite a lot of disputes and issues in deepwater sedimentary areas because of the complexity of the process itself.And the main concentration of these problems is pointed out,such as the complex and confusion of the gravity flow deposits terminology,the identification and evaluation of deepwater traction current deposits,the differences between fixed deposit model and multiphase transformation of fluid properties.In general,nowadays,the difficulties are precise identification of deepwater sedimentary process and flow pattern transformation and the establishment of a comprehensive sedimentary model.The urgent demands are effective prediction of the deep sandstone reservoir and find more deepwater oil-gas resources.Therefore,the future research of deepwater sedimentation should attach importance to unify and standardize terms,the application of seismic sedimentology,experimental simulation technology and multi-disciplinary intersecting,establish a deepwater sedimentation pattern considering＂provenances-channel-lobe＂integrated factors and the orderly transformation of sediment flow,improve the predictability of deepwater deposits and provide scientific guidance for deepwater oil-gas exploration.