城镇化进程中的新农村建设:社会动员及其治理功效——对皖南东镇的历时性观察

New Rural Construction in Urbanization Process: Social Mobilization and Its Governance Function

从世界各国发展规律来看,城镇化过程必然伴随着一种对农村的重构过程,然而国内学者对新农村建设的模式却存在不同看法。文章基于对皖南东镇新农村建设历时性经验的跟踪观察,发现当地新农村建设采取的是一种能够充分发动农民的社会动员模式。这种新农村建设的社会动员模式之所以可能被推广:一方面,是因为自上而下的政策撬动和动员技巧的应用;另一方面,则是村庄社会规范自下而上的支撑性作用。东镇的经验说明,新农村建设的社会动员模式具有明显的村庄共同体再生产的治理正功能,具体表现在:乡村宜居化与村庄人气的恢复,村庄公共空间的再造与乡村文化的复兴,村庄治理能力的加强,以及农民合作意识的提高。所以,对于像东镇这样尚有活力的村庄而言,国家在实施新农村建设过程中,应因地制宜,以普惠性为原则,以调动农民积极性为归属。

From the regular pattern of development of various countries in the world,the rural reconstruction must be accompanied in the process of urbanization.In view of the situation in China,scholars tend to have different views on how to reconstruct rural areas.Based on the close observation on the experience of the new rural construction project in the south of Anhui P rovince,it is found that the local new rural reconstruction is a kind of social mobilization mode which can fully mobilize the peasants.The social mobilization model of this new rural reconstruction is partly due to the top-down policy and the use of mobilization techniques,on the one hand,and on the other hand,the bottom-up support role of village social norms.The experience of Dong Town shows that the social mobilization model of the new rural reconstruction has a significantly positive function of the governance of the village community reproduction.