心理疾病成因的社会学阐释

Causes of Mental Illness:A Sociological Explanation

对于心理疾病成因的探讨,人们习惯把它归于心理学和医学(精神病学)领域,实际上,社会学研究者们从未忽视对此问题的关注。如若追溯社会学的发展史,涂尔干对自杀现象的研究在社会学领域开创了运用实证主义方法探讨心理问题的先河。20世纪50年代以来,社会学研究者对社会因素在心理疾病的产生和维持方面作了诸多探讨,对社会成因的解释集中在诸如社会地位、经济状况、性别、年龄以及种族或民族等社会因素上。最终形成了社会病原学、社会心理学、社会反应以及社会建构论四种视角。

the causes of mental illness, it is generally considered to be the field of psychology and medicine （psychiatry）. Actually, sociological researchers never neglect this problem. To trace the history of the development of sociology, Emile Durkheim＇s study of the phenomenon of suicide has created a precedent for the use of positivism in the field of sociology. Since 1950s, researchers of sociology have made many contributions on the effects of social factors to the origins and sustainability of mental illness, focusing on the social factors such as social status, economic status, gender, age, race or ethnicity. Finally, four interpretative perspectives are formed, including social etiology, social psychology, social reaction and social constructivism.