青少年情绪智力现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of Present Situation and Influencing Factors On Emotional Intelligence Among adolescents

目的了解青少年情绪智力的现状并探讨其影响因素,为提高青少年情绪智力水平提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,以自行设计的调查表、青少年情绪智力量表对1 732名在校中学生进行问卷调查。结果不同性别在情绪智力总得分以及各维度得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);是否为独生子女在情绪智力总得分、情绪理解、情绪管理维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年级、是否担任学生干部在情绪智力总得分以及各维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多元线性回归结果表明,年级、是否为独生子女、是否担任学生干部是情绪智力的预测变量(F=37.105,P<0.05)。结论年级、是否为独生子女、是否担任学生干部是情绪智力的影响因素,根据青少年的不同特征进行个体化的健康教育以提高其情绪智力水平。

Objective To understand present situation of emotional intelligence among adolescents and explore its influencing factors,which would provide a basis for improving emotional intelligence level of adolescents. Methods With random sampling of the whole group,1732 middle school students were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire and the Adolescent Emotional Intelligence Scale. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the total scores of emotional intelligence and the scores of each dimension in different genders（ P ﹥ 0. 05）. There were statistically significant differences between those were the only child and those who were not in the total scores of emotional intelligence,and scores of such dimension as emotion understanding and emotion management（ P 0. 05）. There were statistically significant differences in the total scores of emotional intelligence and the scores of each dimension when the students were from different grades and they were student cadres（ P0. 05）. The multivariate linear regression results showed that whether the student was the only child/cadre,and whether he came from grades were the predictive variables of emotional intelligence（ F = 37. 105,P0. 05）. Conclusion Different grades,the only child or not and the student cadre or not are the influencing factors of emotional intelligence. Individualized health education should be offered according to different adolescents to improve their emotional intelligence.