人性的差异性与儒家政治结构

The Diversity of Human Nature and the Confucian Political Structure

国家治理形式必须和本国普通民众的文化心理相契合;就中国而言,持久的国家治理形式必须建立在儒家思想及其在日常生活中的折射之上。与自由主义民主将国家治理建立在应然的理想之上不同,儒家政治将国家治理建立在对人性的实然观察之上。对于儒家来说,人性具有差异性和流变性,因而,儒家政治结构必然是一种层级制度,每个层级都要求相应的资质,选贤任能是这个结构的主要特征。儒家政治不排斥自由主义所推崇的个人价值和个人自决,但不支持抽象的平等,而支持在资质基础上的平等。

State governance needs to be in congruence with the cultural mindset of its nationals. For China,a lasting form of state governance must be built on Confucian teachings and their application in people's daily life.Contrary to liberal democracy that lays its foundation on idealistic values,Confucian political structure is built on empirical observations of human nature. For Confucians,human nature is diverse and fluid. Therefore,Confucian political structure is characterized by hierarchies,each requiring specific qualifications. Merit and capability are two most important qualities that the system needs. Confucian political structure does not exclude personal values and personal liberty,but it does reject abstract equality in favor of qualification-based equality.