一八二五年英国金融危机中的政府应对及制度变革

Governmental Response and Institutional Change in the British Financial Crisis of 1825

1825年秋英国陷入一场大范围的金融危机。危机覆盖生产流通、货币银行、海外证券投资等领域,大量企业倒闭,金融信用体系受到重创,同时也使经济制度上的一些弊端凸显出来。英国政府采取了相应的市场拯救措施,并实施了金融制度改革。尽管拯救措施的实际效果不大,并未克服危机,但其方式仍给未来积累了有益的经验。金融制度改革以建立股份制银行为核心内容,为英国银行业的现代化奠定了基础,提高了金融体系抗风险能力,为当时的经济发展提供了适宜的金融体制。

In the autumn of 1825,Britain succumbed to a large-scale financial panic.The crisis affected production and circulation,banking and the currency,investment in overseas securities,and other sectors.A large number of businesses failed,and the credit system was severely damaged.At the same time,the crisis highlighted some of the evils of the economic system.The British government took steps to rescue the market and implemented financial reforms.Although these measures did not have much substantive effect,being unable to curb the panic,the methods used provided a store of useful experience for the future.The core content of the financial reforms was the introduction of the joint-stock banking system, which laid the foundations for the modernization of the British banking industry,raised the financial system's ability to withstand risk,and provided a financial system suited to contemporary economic development.