作为心理学概念的强力意志（英文）

The Will to Power as a Psychological Concept

在本文中,我对强力意志的概念进行了一次系统性的探究,我将它作为一种心理学的概念,即一种独特的动机。为了界定这个心理学的概念,我首先回顾了生物学版本的强力意志(它被理解为"生命的本质")。我接下来论证的是,最好不要将强力意志视为单一的或最终的人类动机,而是应当将之仅仅视为一种独特的动机(假如它是普遍存在的),它的在场可以通过作为强力意志的生命概念来得到解释。我继而对强力的概念与意志的概念进行了周密的分析,并凭借这个分析理解了尼采归于强力意志的与众不同的特性,即它的对抗性、活性、不知足性与独立性。自始至终,我都在尼采自己的观点与19世纪和20世纪的生物学与心理学的观点之间做出了比较。

In this paper, I offer a systematic exploration of the concept of will to power, understood as a psychological concept, namely, a distinctive kind of motivation. To circumscribe this psychological concept, I first review the biological version of will to power （understood as ＂the essence of life＂）. I then argue that the will to power is not best seen as the sole or ultimate human motivation, but simply as a distinctive, if ubiquitous, motivation, whose presence is explained by a conception of life as will to power. I proceed to a close analysis of the concepts of power and will, and draw on this analysis to understand the distinctive characteristics Nietzsche attributes to the will to power, namely, its antagonism, activity, insatiability, and independence. Throughout, I offer comparisons between Nietzsche＇s own views and views from 19th and 20th century biology and psychology.