群体认同在群际威胁与内隐城乡刻板印象间的调节作用

The regulatory effect of group identity on the relationship between intergroup threat and implicit urban-rural stereotype

目的探讨群体认同在群际威胁和内隐城乡刻板印象间的调节作用。方法选取沈阳某高校122名自愿参与本研究的城市籍大学生作为被试,采用随机数字表法将其分为4个实验组:一般群体认同凸显-高群际威胁组(30人)、一般群体认同凸显-低群际威胁组(31人)、特定群体认同凸显-高群际威胁组(31人)及特定群体认同凸显-低群际威胁组(30人),分别完成每组对应的群体认同凸显任务、群体认同凸显强化任务及群际威胁操纵任务,而后对所有被试进行内隐刻板印象内隐联结测验(IAT),比较4组被试的内隐城乡刻板印象得分。结果特定群体认同凸显-低群际威胁组被试内隐城乡刻板印象得分为0.737±0.331,特定群体认同凸显-高群际威胁组被试得分为0.755±0.306,一般群体认同凸显-低群际威胁组被试得分为0.471±0.245,一般群体认同凸显-高群际威胁组被试得分为0.733±0.332。其中特定群体认同凸显-高群际威胁组被试得分高于特定群体认同凸显-低群际威胁组,但差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05),而一般群体认同凸显-高群际威胁组被试得分高于一般群体认同凸显-低群际威胁组,且差异具有统计学意义(t=3.568,P<0.05)。将内隐城乡刻板印象作为因变量,通过方差分析探讨群际威胁和群体认同2个因素的影响,发现群际威胁的主效应显著[F(1,118)=6.445,P<0.05],群体认同的主效应显著[F(1,118)=6.754,P<0.05],二者的交互作用亦显著[F(1,118)=4.859,P<0.05]。结论群际威胁可增强个体的内隐城乡刻板印象,且群体认同在群际威胁与内隐城乡刻板印象间具有调节作用。

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of group identity on the relationship between intergroup threat and implicit urban-rural stereotype.Methods A total of 122 urban students from a Shenyang university voluntarily participated in this study.Using a random number table,all participants were divided into 4 groups：high general group identity-high intergroup threat（group 1,n=30）,high general group identity-low intergroup threat（group 2,n=31）,high specific group identity-high intergroup threat（group 3,n=31）,and high specific group identity-low intergroup threat（group 4,n=30）.Participants were asked to complete their corresponding group identity highlighting task,strengthened group identity highlighting task,and intergroup threat manipulation task.And then,all participants received Implicit Association Test（IAT）.The implicit urban-rural stereotype scores were compared among the 4 groups.Results The mean implicit urban-rural stereotype scores of group 1,2,3,and 4 were 0.733±0.332,0.471±0.245,0.755±0.306,and 0.737±0.331,respectively.The mean score of group 3 was slightly higher than that of group 4,but the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）.The mean score of group 1 was much higher than that of group 2,and the difference was statistically significant（t=3.568,P〈0.05）.Using implicit urban-rural stereotype score as the dependent variable,analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of intergroup threat was significant[F（1,118）=6.445,P〈0.05],the main effect of group identity was significant[F（1,118）=6.754,P〈0.05],and their interaction was also significant[F（1,118）=4.859,P〈0.05].Conclusion Intergroup threat may increase an individual′s implicit urban-rural stereotype,and group identity has a regulatory effect on the relationship between intergroup threat and implicit urban-rural stereotype.