用人单位虚假雇佣残疾人的法律关系性质辨析——裁判视野下的观察

Analysis on the Legal Nature of False Employment of People with Disabilities——Observations Based on Judicial Decisions

用人单位常采用与残疾人签订虚假劳动合同的形式以实现享受雇佣残疾人的优惠政策且不承担实际用工的风险。本文以公开检索到的113份因用人单位虚假雇佣残疾人引发争议的裁判文书为样本,从规范梳理、实证考察、学理检讨三个层面探析当事人之间法律关系的性质与效力。探求当事人之间的真实意思系法律关系定性的核心与逻辑起点。如有证据表明当事人构成通谋虚伪意思表示,则劳动合同无效,法院应主客观相结合解释和确认被隐藏着的真实的意思表示。如果否认用人单位与残疾人之间具有劳动关系,他们之间有关"残疾证换酬劳"之类的协议是否发生私法上的效果,应当依据有关合同效力规则进行判定,可认定为有效;而其公法上的效果,则应当依据有关公法规则的立法目的以及相应规则进行判定。

In order to benefit from the preferential policies of employing the disabled people without bearing risks of actual em- ployment, employers often sign the false labor contract with the disabled people. Based on 113 judicial decisions which involve disputes arising from the false employment of people with disabilities, this article analyses the nature and effect of the legal rela- tionship between the parties from three aspects： statutes review, empirical study and theoretical reflections. In determining the legal nature of the parties, seeking the parties＇ true meaning is the core and logical starting point. If there is evidence that the parties constitute collusive false expression of intent, then the labor contract is void, and the court should interpret and recognize the hidden true meaning of expression from both subjective and objective perspectives. If it is denied that there is an employment relationship between the employer and the disabled people, whether or not the agreement between the parties regarding ＂disabili- ty certificate and remuneration＂ becomes effective in private law, shall be decided in accordance with the relevant rules of the ef- fectiveness of contract and may be deemed valid; The effect of the agreement in public law shall be decided based on the aim of the public law and the relevant rules.