上海市中学生吸烟行为影响因素及未来吸烟意向分析

Z-analysis on the factors affecting smoking behavior and future smoking intention of adolescents in Shanghai

目的探讨影响上海市中学生吸烟行为的相关因素及其对未来吸烟意向的影响,为控制青少年吸烟行为干预措施提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取上海市5个区68所中学的26 508名学生,进行现场匿名问卷调查。结果上海市中学生尝试吸烟率、未来1年和5年的吸烟意向分别为11.6%,8.0%和14.1%,男生(15.7%,10.9%,19.3%)高于女生(7.3%,5.0%,8.6%)(χ2值分别为452.97,306.42,629.04,P值均<0.01),职校生(29.2%,21.3%,31.6%)高于高中生(12.5%,9.3%,16.1%)和初中生(6.8%,4.2%,8.9%)(χ2值分别为1 677.56,362.25,1 470.29,P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,父母吸烟、同伴吸烟、学校缺少控烟教育课程、媒体吸烟信息高暴露使学生尝试吸烟行为和未来吸烟意向的风险较高(P值均<0.01)。结论青少年吸烟行为的发生和未来吸烟意向与家庭、同伴、学校、社会环境密切相关,需要多措并举,采取互为支持的综合干预措施降低学生吸烟行为的发生。

Objective To investigate the relevant influencing factors of the smoking behavior and its influences on future smoking intention of adolescents in Shanghai,and to provide a reference for intervention measures to control their smoking behavior.Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 26 508 students from 68 middle schools in five districts of Shanghai. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted. Results The rate of ever smoking was 11. 6% in middle school students in Shanghai. The smoking intention in the next 1 year and the next 5 years was 8.0% and 14.1%,respectively. The rates of boys（ 15.7%,10.9%,19.3%） were higher than those of girls（ 7.3%,5.0%,8.6%）,and the rates of vocational school students（ 29.2%,21.3%,31.6%） were higher than those in senior and junior middle school（ 12.5%,9.3%,16.1%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental smoking,peer smoking,lack of smoking education in schools,and high exposure to media smoking messages increased the risk of students＇ attempts to smoke and future smoking intentions（ P〈0.01）. Conclusion Adolescent smoking behavior and future smoking intentions are closely related to family,peer,school and social environment. It is necessary for all parties to work together to take comprehensive and supportive measures to reduce students＇ smoking behavior.