重庆市2000—2014年中小学生视力不良状况

Low vision and suspected myopia in primary and secondary school students in Chongqing from 2000 to 2014

目的了解2000—2014年重庆市中小学生视力不良和疑似近视状况及发展趋势,为防控青少年近视提供依据。方法利用2000,2005,2010,2014年4次全国学生体质与健康调研数据,对重庆市7~18岁中小学生视力不良和疑似近视检出情况进行动态观察。结果重庆市7~18岁男、女生14年间视力不良检出率分别增长了20.06,15.53百分点,疑似近视检出率分别增长了20.35,17.26百分点。2014年重庆市7~18岁男、女生视力不良检出率随年龄增长而逐渐升高,分别为55.81%,58.11%,女生高于男生(χ2=3.90,P<0.05);城、乡学生视力不良检出率分别为63.31%,50.61%,城市高于乡村(χ2=118.32,P<0.01);不同社会经济发展片区中,"好片""中片""差片"学生视力不良检出率分别为66.21%,52.04%,52.63%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=,P<0.05)。视力不良学生中,98.37%属于疑似近视,疑似近视检出的现状和趋势与视力不良基本一致。结论重庆市中小学生视力不良和疑似近视检出率呈持续增长趋势,应从学龄初开始采取综合性防治措施,鼓励青少年积极参加室外活动和体育锻炼,延缓近视程度在青春期阶段的迅速加深。

Objective To understand current trend of low vision and suspected myopia among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing from 2000 to 2014,and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of myopia. Methods Data of National Survey on Students Health and Physical Constitution in Chongqing during 2000,2005,2010 and 2014 was analyzed.Results Prevalence of low vision increased by 20.06% and 15.53% for primary and middle school students,respectively,and suspected myopia increased by 20.35% and 17.26%,respectively. Low vision among girls（ 58.11%） was significantly higher than that of boys（ 55.81%）（ χ2= 3. 90,P 0. 05）,students from urban areas（ 63. 31%） higher than that of rural areas（ 50. 61%）（ χ2=118.32,P〈0.01）. Economically high-（ 66.21%）,moderate-（ 52.04%） and low-areas（ 52.63%） had significant differences in low vision prevalence. Nearly 98.37% of students with low vision were suspected for myopia. Same trends was found in suspected myopia in Chongqing during the past 14 years. Conclusion The increasing trend in prevalence of low vision and suspected myopia among students in Chongqing needs further consideration,especially among primary school. Comprehensive prevention and intervention should be taken at early stage of school,including encourage for outdoor activities and physical exercise.