世界主要国家教育经费投入规模与配置结构

Educational Investment Scale and Configuration Structure of Major Countries in the World

基于经济合作与发展组织新近发布的各国教育经费统计数据,从教育经费投入规模与配置结构两个维度,对世界主要国家教育经费投入总量与结构特征分析发现,当前我国财政性教育经费占国内生产总值的比例已接近中等偏上收入国家平均水平,但与高收入国家相比仍存在明显差距。在经费配置结构上,我国高等教育资本性支出比例过高,经常性支出尤其是人员经费支出比例严重偏低。因此在跨入"后4%"时代以后,既要确保我国教育经费总投入不断增长,逐步提高各级教育生均经费;又要完善和优化教育经费配置结构,提高人员经费和研发经费支出比例,形成以经常性支出为主、资本性支出为辅的教育投入机制,实现从以物为主投入向以人为主投入的转变,充分释放人才红利。

Using the national education funding data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）, this paper analyzed the educational investment scale and structure characteristics in the world＇s major countries. The study found that the proportion of China＇s fiscal education expenditure to gross is severely low. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that China＇s total investment in education is gradually investment of staffing and R ＆ D expenditure, and adjust the proportion of current expenditure and capital expenditure legitimately.