冷战时期东南亚地区安全复合体:产生、演进与建构

The Regional Security Complex in Southeast Asia during the Cold War:Generation,Evolution and Construction

研究东南亚地区安全复合体的产生、发展的演进历程,是我们把握冷战时期东南亚地区安全格局演变的关键主线,也是了解同期地区主义与区域安全之间互动关系的重要途径。安全复合体的出现为开展地区安全合作创造了条件,也是安全区域主义发展的起点。冷战时期东南亚地区安全复合体在构建过程中遵循了安全连续统一体的演进规律,地区安全结构经历了从冲突竞争为基调到对话合作为主旋律的显著变化。东盟国家一方面借此调解和缓和地区国家间的矛盾冲突,达到团结和整合地区安全力量的目的;另一方面试图通过推动"地区中立化"的安全机制,实现冷战两极体系下东南亚地区安全格局的平衡和稳定。从寻求"共同安全"到地区"合作安全"的最终建构,东盟把一个分裂对抗的东南亚逐步发展过渡成为一个团结互助、相互依存,愿意为了地区和平、稳定和发展而共同奋斗的发展中国家地区主义合作典范。同时,冷战时期培育"合作型"安全复合体的实践培养了东盟国家间的政治安全互信,增强了对地区的认同,这为冷战后东盟地区安全结构向更高一级的"安全共同体"升级打下了坚实的基础。

The regional security complex serves a main line to grasp the evolution of the security configuration in Southeast Asia during the Cold War and a key pathway to the understanding of the interaction between regionalism and regional security in this specific period of time.The emergence of the security complex created conditions for carrying out regional security cooperation and served as a starting point for further development of security regionalism.During the Cold War,the construction of the security complex in Southeast Asia followed an evolutionary pattern of security continuum and the regional security structure underwent significant changes from 'conflict and competition' to 'dialogue and cooperation'.ASEAN countries,on the one hand,endeavored to mediate and ease regional tension in order to integrate the regional security forces and,on the other hand,attempted to realize regional stability under the Cold War bipolar system by promoting the 'regional neutrality' security mechanism.From seeking 'collective security' to constructing 'cooperative security' in the region,ASEAN has transformed a split and confrontational Southeast Asia into a good model to follow by other developing countries.The cooperative regionalism ASEAN has established is aimed at achieving mutual understanding and support and safeguarding regional peace,stability and development.At the same time,the construction of the 'cooperative' security complex during the Cold War fostered mutual political security trust among ASEAN countries and enhanced regional identity and recognition,which laid a solid foundation for the upgrading of the security structure of ASEAN to a higher level of'security community' in the post-Cold War era.