道统论的突破与宋元儒学史的建构——以《宋元学案》为中心的考察

Breakthrough of Confucian Orthodoxy and Construction ofthe History of Confucianism in Song and Yuan Dynasties——A Case Study of Song Yuan Xue An

在思想史的视野上,黄宗羲、黄百家父子基于其一本万殊的思想史观,突破了《宋史·道学传》以程朱理学为道统的狭窄思想史体系,主张废除"道学传"而统归"儒林传"。在《宋元学案》中体现为兼采朱陆各派、重视自得创见的思想立场。基于此立场,黄氏父子高度评价了宋初三先生的学术贡献,为之单独设立学案并将其置于《宋元学案》的开端,从而确立了三先生作为道学先驱和宋学创始人的思想史地位。全祖望则基于其人品与学问并重的史学家立场,只以胡瑗、孙复二人为宋学开山,进而在黄氏父子的道(道学传)、儒(儒林传)合一的思想史观基础上,提出了道、儒、文(文艺传)合一的思想史观,体现了去短集长的会通思想。

As regardsintellectual history,Huang Zongxi and Huang Baijia based their thoughts on intellectual historical viewpoint of Yiben Wanshu( 'the essence remaining the same despite various changes'literally put) and reformed the rigid system of thoughts which centered around Cheng and Zhu's neo-Confucianism in'History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Daoism'. They insisted that the book Biography of Daoism should be abolished in favor of Biography of Confucianism. In Song Yuan Xue An( Academic Research in Song and Yuan Dynasties) the idea was to integrate Zhu Xi's and Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts and emphasized self-innovation. On this basis,Huang Zongxi and Huang Baijia( father and son) thought highly of the three famous scholars' contributions in the initial stage of Song Dynasty by putting them at the beginning of the book. The three scholars were thus regarded as pioneers of Daoism,and founders of song-Confucianism. Quan Zuwang,however,viewed Hu Yuan and Sun Fu as founders,for in his eyes,moral quality and knowledge were considered equally important when evaluating historians. Based on Huang's historical view about the combination of Daoism and Confucianism,the idea he advanced combined Daoism,Confucianism and Wen( Biographies of Scholars),demonstrating the idea of 'removing disadvantages and exploiting advantages'.