移栽到烟台的蜡梅传粉生态学特性研究

Characteristics of Pollination Ecology for Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox(L.) Link) After Transplanted to Yantai

为了研究蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox(L.)Link)随栽培地点北移至暖温带后传粉生态的特性,定位观测了移栽到烟台的蜡梅的花期物候、访花者种类、访花行为及访花频率,对蜡梅的柱头可授性、花粉活力、繁育系统等进行了检测,并进行了人工套袋试验.结果表明,移栽到烟台的蜡梅,单花花期约13 d,种群开花时间在12月上旬~3月中旬,单株花期约70 d.花粉长球形,花粉大小(45.5~60)μm×(35.5~47)μm,萌发孔为双孔沟类型.常见访花者有黑带食蚜蝇(Episyrphus balteatus)、黑边家蝇(Musca hervei)、切叶蜂(Megachile).花粉胚珠比为2379.4±203.6,最适柱头可授期在开花第0~1 d,花药开裂时花粉活力最高,结合人工套袋试验,判定蜡梅的繁育系统属于兼性异交型(facultative xenogamy).

In order to research pollination ecology of wintersweet( Chimonanthus praecox( L.) Link) with the cultivation site moving from north to warm temperate zone,we observed the flowering phenology,flower visitor species,foraging behavior and pollination frequency of Wintersweet( Chimonanthus praecox( L.) Link) transplanted to Yantai,then detected the stigma receptivity,pollen viability and breeding system of Wintersweet,and carried out the artificial bagging experiment. The Results showed that the florescence of single flower is about13 d,flowering of population is in early December ~ mid-March,and the florescence of a single is about 70 d for wintersweet after transplantation to Yantai. Pollen is spherical,pollen size is( 45. 5 ~ 60) μm ×( 35. 5 ~ 47)μm,and their tremata are all two-bore sulcus type. The common pollinators include Episyrphus balteatus,Musca hervei and Megachile. Pollen ovule ratio is 2379. 4 ± 203. 6,and the optimal stigma receptivity period is 0 ~ 1 d. When the anthers crack,the pollen have the highest vitality. In combination with the artificial bagging test,we infer that the breeding system of Chimonanthus praecox is facultative xenogamy.