教育对健康的影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的分析

The Casual Effects of Education on Health——Evidence from China Family Panel Studies

依据Grossman健康需求函数,基于CFPS2010和CFPS2012数据,使用个体是否受到义务教育法影响作为受教育年限的工具变量,研究在18-55岁个体中教育对健康的影响,估计结果表明:教育对健康有显著的正向因果效应。考虑到不同群体的异质性,分别依据性别、户口类型、学历和出生群组来划分样本。研究发现:教育对健康的正向影响,在女性和农村户口群体中表现较大(分别相较于男性和城市户口),在较高学历和出生年代较晚的群体中表现较小(分别相较于低学历和出生较早的群组)。在此基础上,进一步探索了教育影响健康的途径和机制,研究发现营养状况、吸烟和收入分别能够解释教育对健康影响的5.96%、2.65%和11.26%。

According to Grossman models of the demand for health capital,this paper uses CFPS2010 and CFPS2012 data to analyze the causal effects of education on health among 18-55 years old people by using whether individuals are influenced by Compulsory Schooling Law（ CSLs） in China as the instrument of education. The results find education has a positive impact on health. Given the heterogeneity of different groups,we divide the sample into two groups according to gender,type of hukou,education degree and the date of birth respectively. It finds out that the positive effect of education on health is larger among female and agriculture hukou than their male and non-agriculture hukou counterparts. And the positive effect begins to wane on those highly educated and born later. Moreover,we further explore the mechanisms and pathways why and how education influences on health. The main pathways are nutrition（ measured by BMI）,smoking and income,which can explain the effect of education on self-reported health by 5. 96%,2. 65% and 11. 26%respectively.