秸秆还田与有机肥对银北盐碱地春小麦光合作用及生长的影响

Effects of Straw-returning and Manure on Photosynthesis and Growth of Spring Wheat in Saline-alkali Soil in North of Yinchuan

为作物秸秆还田及有机肥施用改良盐碱地提供理论依据,分析秸秆还田（RS）、有机肥（M）及秸秆还田和有机肥配施（RSM）条件下盐碱地春小麦的光合作用、生长及土壤性质的变化。结果表明：与CK（只施化肥）相比,RS、M和RSM能够显著降低土壤pH和全盐含量,0~10cm土层pH分别降低0.9%、4.4%和6.8%,全盐含量分别降低41.6%、66.4%和67.8%;10~20cm土层pH分别降低3.5%、8.9%和7.6%,全盐含量分别降低56.6%、61.9%和71.4%,土壤环境得到明显改善。秸秆还田和有机肥施用显著提高春小麦的光合作用、生长及干物质积累,与对照相比,RS、M和RSM处理春小麦的株高分别增加12%、22%和35%,总生物量分别增加为21%、32%和58%,穗干重分别增加28%、44%和80%,茎干重分别增加63%、58%和79%,叶干重分别增加47%、48%和74%,且RSM处理春小麦的生长和总生物量显著高于RS和M。

In order to provide theoretical references for improving saline-alkali soil by applying straw returning（RS）,manure（M）and their interaction（RSM）,the effects of applying RS,M and RSM on photosynthesis,growth and soil property of spring wheat were studied.Results：Compared with CK（applying chemical fertilizer only）,RS,M and RS＋M significantly improved the properties of saline-alkali soil,reflected by their significant lower values of pH and salt content than CK.pH values of 0~10cm soil layer decreased by 0.9%,4.4% and 6.8%respectively,that of 10~20cm soil layer decreased by 3.5%,8.9% and 7.6%respectively.Salt content of 0~10cm soil layer decreased by 41.6%,66.4%and 67.8%and that of 10 ~ 20 cm soil layer decreased by 56.6%,61.9% and 71.4% respectively.The photosynthesis,growth and dry matter production showed the opposite trend,exhibiting highest values in RSM,followed by M and RS,and lowest values in the CK.Compared with CK,RS,M and RSM increased plant height（12%,22%and 35%）,gross biomass（21%,32%and 58%）,dry ear weight（28%,44% and 80%）,dry stem weight（63%,58% and 79%）and dry leaf weight（47%,48% and 74%）.