高光谱观测卫星及应用前景

Hyper-Spectral Observation Satellite and It's Application Prospects

介绍了我国高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项中第一颗实现高光谱分辨率观测的高光谱观测卫星(GF-5)卫星及其应用前景。该卫星设计运行于高度705km的太阳同步轨道,装载可见短波红外高光谱相机、全谱段光谱成像仪、大气主要温室气体监测仪、大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪、大气气溶胶多角度偏振探测仪、大气环境红外甚高光谱分辨率探测仪共6台有效载荷。卫星的光谱分辨率高且谱段全,具备高光谱与多光谱对地成像、大气掩星与天底观测、大气多角度偏振探测、海洋耀斑观测等多种观测模式,获取从紫外至长波红外(0.24~13.3μm)高光谱分辨率遥感数据;数据辐射分辨率高,载荷的光谱分辨率最高0.03cm-1,具备在轨定标功能,绝对辐射定标精度优于5%,光谱定标精度最高0.008cm-1;长波红外空间分辨率高;高码速率数传;高可靠长寿命设计。卫星入轨后将在环境综合监测、国土资源调查和气候变化研究等方面发挥重要作用。其典型应用有陆表环境综合观测、陆表局地高温及城市热岛效应监测、矿物填图、大气成分全球遥感监测和大气污染气体监测等。

The characteristics and its application prospects of Hyper-Spectral Observation Satellite(GF-5)are presented in this paper,which will be the first satellite to achieve hyper-spectral observation in National Key Projects of High Resolution Earth Observation System in China.It was designed to run on sun-synchronous orbit.The orbit altitude was 705 km and local time of ascending node was 13∶30.Six payloads were carried on it,which were Advanced Hyper-spectral Imager(AHSI),Visual and Infrared Multispectral Imager(VIMI),Greenhouse-gases Monitoring Instrument(GMI),Environmental trace gases Monitoring Instrument(EMI),Directional Polarization Camera(DPC)and Atmospheric Infrared Ultra-spectral Sounder(AIUS).By using them,the satellite has high resolution and hyperspectral band.The satellite can obtain the hyper-spectral remote sensing data from ultraviolet to long wave infrared bands.The various observation modes of hyper-spectral and multi-spectral earth imaging,occultation and nadir observation for atmosphere,multi-angular polarization observation and ocean sun-glint observation are adopted.The highest spectral resolution is 0.03cm^(-1) and on-board calibration is provided.The radiometric calibration accuracy is better than 5% and the spectral calibration accuracy is up to 0.008cm^(-1).The satellite has high spatial resolution of long wave infrared band,high code rate of data transmission and long life design.When in orbit,the satellite will play an important role in atmospheric environment monitoring,land and resources survey,and climate changing research.The typical applications include land surface environment comprehensive observation,monitoring of land surface local high temperature and heat island effect,mineral mapping,remote sensing monitoring of global distribution of atmosphere contents and air pollution monitoring of SO_2 and NO_2.