美国体育学科联合会(AKA)“核心课程”的解读与思考

Interpretation and enlightenment of the "core curriculum" of American Kinesiology Association (AKA)

美国体育学科联合会(AKA)在2009-2013年发起了体育学科"核心课程"项目,旨在为体育学科寻找最核心、最本源的知识体系。运用文献资料等方法从项目背景、项目内容、实施理念与办法等方面对"核心课程"项目进行了系统分析。研究指出:1)美国体育学科"核心课程"项目以"体育活动"为中心构建了体育学科4个方面的核心知识以及与之对应的10个方面的核心能力。2)"核心课程"项目突出了"健康"在体育学科学习中的重要地位,这与体育学科的初始功能和价值相一致;3)我国体育学人才培养应同时注意到专业间的差异性与学科内的统一性的结合,凸显体育学科人才的共性特征;4)课程名称仅是课程改革的"躯壳",知识和能力才是其内核,我国体育学课程改革应坚持能力导向的改革理念,同时重视对学科核心知识的系统梳理;5)在大学逐渐拥有更多自主权的背景下,保证理念引领的统一性和允许方案实施的差异性共存应当是今后课程改革较为理想的一种模式。

From 2009 to 2013,the American Kinesiology Association（ AKA） launched a ＂ core curriculum＂ project,aiming at finding the most original knowledge system of kinesiology discipline. Using the method of literature and data,a systematic analysis was made on the ＂ core curriculum＂ project,including the background,the content,the implementation concept and methods. The research points out that： 1） The ＂ core curriculum＂ project has developed 4 aspects of kinesiology disciplinary core knowledge and the 10 corresponding core abilities by focusing on ＂ physical activities＂. 2）The ＂ core curriculum＂ project highlights the important position of ＂ health＂ in kinesiology learning,which is consistent with the initial functions and values of the discipline. 3） In China,the kinesiology talent cultivation should take into account the differences between professional and disciplinary characteristics of unity. 4） Knowledge and competence is the kernel of curriculum reform,and the curriculum reform of kinesiology discipline in China should adhere to the concept of competence-oriented and attach importance to the systematic arrangement of disciplinary core knowledge.5） Under the background where universities gradually have more self-sovereignty,it may be an ideal model for curriculum reform to both ensure the unity of philosophy leading and allow the differences of program implementation.