改革开放后青少年体育主体意识发展进程及其表现特征

The evolution of Chinese adolescents' sports subject consciousness and its features after the reform and opening-up

通过文献资料、问卷调查、访谈、观察等研究方法,对青少年的体育主体意识进行纵向研究。以文献研究为主,分析总结不同时期青少年体育主体意识特征,兼以调查法对不同时期的部分青少年进行问卷调查,加以实证。并运用因子分析法,对青少年体育主体意识的变化进行量化分析,总结改革开放以来青少年体育主体意识的发展变化过程。研究结果表明:随着改革开放的深入,教育改革步伐的加快,我国不同时期青少年的体育主体意识总体水平呈现提高态势。其中体育自我意识进入教育改革深入发展时期提高明显,体育自主意识不同时期变化未呈现显著性差异,体育个性意识水平呈现逐渐提高态势,体育责任意识呈现不断下降趋势,但在教育改革深入时期有所回升。建议体育教育改革应结合当前青少年体育主体意识水平及时代环境有针对性地进行主体意识的培养,忌无指向、笼统地进开展教学改革,降低实效。

This research investigates the sports subject consciousness of adolescents from the time span by using the methods of literature,interview,questionnaire survey and observation. Literature is the main method used to analyze and summarize the characteristics of adolescents＇ consciousness of physical education in different periods; and at the same time,questionnaire survey is used to prove the characteristics. Factor analysis is used to summarize the development process of adolescents ＇sports subject consciousness after the reform and opening-up. The research results show that with the deepening of reform and opening up as well as the quick pace of education reform,the general level of adolescents＇ sports subject consciousness in different periods of China has showed a tendency to improve; theself-consciousness on sports has been significantly improved during the development period of education reform; the sports independent consciousness in different periods has not show significant difference; the sports personality consciousness has been gradually improved;the sports responsibility consciousness showed a downward trend,but it rebounded during the development period of education reform. Therefore,the reform of physical education should focus on the training of sport subject consciousness combined with the adolescents＇ sports consciousness level and current environment instead of carrying out general teaching reform without direction and with low efficiency.