教育史中的情感与情绪研究

Emotion and Affect in Research on History of Education

受史学情感转向及情绪转向的影响,教育史中的情感与情绪研究受到重视。目前教育情感史研究主题是情感的调节与控制,以调控和培养情感行为的规章制度为主要对象,以"治理"为研究视角,集中于学生情感行为的研究,这同史学家把"情感"视为可以调节与控制的行为的认识有关。近年来史学领域出现的"情绪转向",较于情感史,更为注重"事实的"情感行为及强调身体关涉的重要性,从而提高了认识和理解教育历史的能力。对身体的关注,则可以沟通情绪研究与情感调控研究,而教育史研究实现合理的身体关注,需要教育转向为情绪史。

This article discusses the historiography of emotions in the history of education with an emphasis on some emerging approaches and promising directions in the field in the last decade. The first section of the article deals with the paradigm shift of emotional regulation treated by historians of education. For much of the twentieth century,a 'hydraulic'conceptualization of emotions as liquids and pressures that 'build up'and must be accommodated dominated the ways historians address emotions. Therefore,emotional regulation has long been a theme in educational history of emotions,much of which can be characterized by a 'governmentality studies'. And studies of emotional behavior in schools have typically focused on the affective behaviors.The second section offers an introduction of the concept of affect and the emergence of affective histories.An affective turn had been popular since the late 1890 s,which had considerable effect on humanities,historical studies in particular. Though the examinationof social norms and desired affective behaviors remain at the core of much research in the history of education,historians of education are increasingly contextualizing their work in a broader history of affect. Affect is not reduced to emotion. The article argues that affective turn can help understand the history of education from three key aspects.The final section explores the effect of the latest studies on consciousness and choice-making in current neuroscienceas well as an increased attention to practices of embodiment can have on the history of education.Focus on the body can be seen as a bridge between the studies of affect and those of emotional regulation. To grapple with the problems with the historical study of human body,this paper argues that we need to move from affective histories to histories of the emotions. In developing a better understanding of the body rather than considering it as organism / self / subject,it's necessary to explore the developments in cognitive neuroscience and psychology concerninghow human brain works. What we are beginning to learn about the similarities and differences in how the brain relates to its own body and how it relates to the outside world,together with our understanding of how humans make choices,help to have a profound impact on historical studies.For historians of education working on the history of emotion and affect,a new understanding of human consciousness will have an effect on how we understand human agency.