在“延传变体链”上思考中国教育现代化

Modernization of Chinese Education: Perspective of the Chain of Transmitted Variants of a Tradition

在中国教育现代化进程中,"传统"往往被视为现代教育的对立面。过去的教育遗产被认为是讨厌的累赘,是需要抛弃的东西,也成为启蒙者所批判的对象。其实,传统不是凝固的,而是流动的,是处于一种"延传变体链"之上的。教育发展的过程是教育传统不断重构的过程。教育现代化不是完全背叛传统,而是不断优化传统,是承续与革新的统一。然而,在外力的冲击下,中国知识分子的优越意识逐渐被自卑情绪所代替,他们开始怀疑自身的教育传统。自身的教育传统从"无所不能"到"一无是处"。只有尊重自己的教育传统,才可能实现教育的启蒙。中国教育现代化既不能固守传统,亦不能抛弃传统,而要在传统与现代的"延传变体链"上重构教育传统,实现教育的启蒙。

Connecting the past and the present,tradition is a stable and continuous culture heritage,handed down from generation to generation. Educational tradition is a kind of education concept generated constantly,representing the extension from the past to the future. Unfortunately,educational tradition tends to be regarded as the opposite of modern education in the process of Chinese education modernization. And in the past educational heritage was criticized by enlightener as something nasty to be abandoned. In fact,tradition is not fixed but fluid in the chain of transmitted variants. Education development is a process of constant reconstruction of educational traditions. Education modernization is not completely deviated from tradition but the optimization of tradition and the unity of inheritance and innovation. However,impacted by the external force,the superior consciousness among Chinese intellectuals is gradually replaced by inferiority and selfdoubt. They believe that their own educational tradition is good for nothing rather than good for anything. In this article,we argue that only when educational tradition is respected can people realize educational enlightenment. And in the modernization of Chinese education,it's important to handle the relationship between the traditional and the modern. That's to say,we can neither defend stubbornly tradition nor abandon educational tradition. Therefore,it's necessary that we reconstruct educational tradition and realize educational enlightenment in the chain of transmitted variants of a tradition. Chinese education has its own particular tradition.People can't transplant blindly from others regardless of educational tradition. Also,it's not advisable to adhere to educational tradition,or spurn the modern,or ignore tradition and transplant blindly. When introducing western programs of education modernization,attention should be paid to the Chinese context and the education tradition.