五音戏源流考

On the Origin of Wuyin Opera

"五音戏"产生于清中期的鲁中地区,是首批国家非物质文化遗产。清中期"乐籍制度"解体,小祀搬演戏曲,戏曲界禁女伶;土地兼并严重,资本主义工商业兴起;花雅之争后花部戏曲进军乡村市场,戏曲亦从通都大邑走入乡村百姓的生活。当时的鲁中地区历史人文积淀深厚,作为海岱地区的鲁中地区背靠大海,商业文化发达,五音戏在吸收其他戏曲、曲艺精髓的基础上逐步发展起来,成为我国独一无二的珍稀剧种。

Wuyin Opera, which originated in the middle part of Shandong Province during Qing Dynasty, finds its name in the first catalog of National Intangible Cultural Heritage. In the Mid-Qing Dynasty, two e- vents speeded up the development of traditional Chinese operas ： first, as the registered musician system broke up, the inferior sacrificial rites sought help with official operas and female were forbidden to play in the opera; second, the competition between Hua and Ya, the two branches of traditional Chinese Opera, ended with op- eras of the Hua branch to find more chances in rural areas, which brought the operas from cities to country- side. As the middle part of Shandong Province has enjoyed long history, rich culture, especially commercial culture, Wuyin Opera, on the basis of other local operas and folk art forms, has developed into a unique opera of China.