厦门市城乡老年人养老意愿及其影响因素分析

Analysis on Influential Factors of the Preference for Old-age Support among Elder People in Urban and Rural Areas of Xiamen

目的研究城乡老年人养老意愿的影响因素,为优化配置养老资源和提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法对厦门市60岁以上常住老年人进行问卷调查,采用多分类logistic回归分析城乡老年人养老意愿影响因素。结果有效调查问卷城区652份、农村622份。城、乡老年人选择家庭养老、社区居家养老、机构养老和暂未考虑比例分别为67.5%、18.6%、12.7%、1.2%和71.1%、23.1%、4.7%、1.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且城乡老年人在文化程度、患慢性病、子女是否提供养老费、退休金以及距最近医疗单位的距离等方面分布差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以家庭养老为参照,城乡,年龄大于80岁者更倾向于机构养老(城、乡的OR(95%CI)分别为3.84(1.845～7.99)和3.64(1.07～12.47)),距最近医疗单位较远者倾向于社区居家养老(城、乡的OR(95%CI)分别为1.73(1.04～2.86)和2.12(1.31～3.42))。但城区老年人文化程度较高、退休金较多和子女有提供养老费者更愿意选择非家庭养老,而农村在婚老年人倾向于选择机构养老。结论城乡老年人养老意愿均以家庭养老为主,但农村老年人更倾向于社区居家养老,城区老年人更倾向于机构养老,城乡间的经济、文化差异是造成这种差异的主要原因。建议除强化家庭养老的功能外,应针对城乡差异合理配置城乡养老资源。

Objective To study the influential factors about the preference for old-age support among the urban and ru-ral elder people,and provide theoretical basis for optimum allocation of supporting resources along with greater improvement of life quality for the aged. Methods Based on the multi-stage sampling method,a survey was conducted among senior residents older than 60 years old in Xiamen by means of questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of basic infor-mation between the elderly who lived in the urban and rural areas while multinomial logistic regression played a role in analyzing the factors which influenced the old people＆#39; s preference for old-age support. Results 1274 valid questionnaires were obtained, including 652 from urban and 622 from rural areas. The percentage of elderly people who would like to live with family support, community-based support at home,organization support or choice not-considered were 67. 5%,18. 6%,12. 7% and 1. 2% in ur-ban areas,and as for the countryside those were 71. 1%,23. 1%,4. 7% and 1. 1%,which were statistically significant （ P 〈0. 05）. The differences between urban and rural old people were also statistically significant on the aspects of their education lev-els,condition of chronic diseases,pension costs from children,retirement pension,distance from the nearest medical unit （ P〈0. 05 ） . To take family support as reference,no matter in urban and rural areas,the elderly older than 80 years old were more like-ly to choose organization support;and people who lived far away from the nearest medical unit would prefer community-based support at home. However,the urban old-aged with higher education levels,more retirement pension and who got pension from children were more likely to live without family support,while rural old people who got married preferred organization support. Conclusion Family support was the main choice for the elderly from both urban and rural areas. However,the aging in country-side preferred community-based support at home and urban old people tended to choose organization support. The difference of local economy and culture between urban and rural areas was the key reason. Therefore,apart from strengthening the function of family support,pension resources should be appropriately allocated aimed at those differences between urban and rural areas.