农业土壤N_2O产生途径及其影响因素研究进展

Advances in N_2O generation pathway in agricultural soils and major influencing factors

基于目前国内外对农业土壤N_2O产生与排放过程的研究成果,分析了N_2O的产生途径及其研究方法、影响农业N_2O产生的主要因素。农业土壤N_2O产生的主要过程有硝化作用(自养硝化作用和异养硝化作用)、反硝化作用和硝化微生物反硝化作用。目前研究硝化和反硝化作用的研究方法主要包括15N示踪法和气体抑制剂抑制法;影响土壤硝化—反硝化作用及N_2O产生的因素主要包括土壤基质、土壤物理性质、土壤化学性质、生物因素以及人类活动等。在此基础上探讨了目前研究中存在的主要问题,并对今后研究提出展望与建议。

Soil microorganisms play an important role in the process of material cycling and energy transformation of ecosystems and are important regulators of soil greenhouse gas source and sink functions. Based on the results of domestic and foreign research pro- jects on N2O generation and emission process in agricultural soils, the N2O generation pathways, research methods, and major influ- encing factors were analyzed. N2O generation in agricultural soils mainly involves nitrification （ autotrophic nitrification and hetero- trophic nitrification）, denitrification, and denitrification by nitrifying microorganisms. Current methods to study nitrification and denitrification are the 15N tracer method and the gas inhibitor inhibition method. Factors affecting soil nitrification-denitrification pathways and N2O generation mainly include soil matrix, soil physical property, soil chemical property, biological factors, and hu- man activities, etc. Based on these, the major problems in the current research are addressed and future research perspectives are put forward.