氮杂环卡宾催化有机反应的研究进展

Progress of Organic Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

自从1991年Arduengo第一次分离得到稳定的游离N-杂环卡宾以来,其作为一种高效的有机催化剂得到了迅速的发展.由于N-杂环卡宾的极性反转特性,它在有机合成中构建复杂分子的地位举足轻重.一些特定的路易斯碱及氧化剂可诱导卡宾与羰基化合物形成Breslow中间体、烯醇化合物和高烯醇化合物,这些中间体极大地拓展了卡宾的应用范围.综述了近几年N-杂环卡宾在催化有机反应中的研究进展,如催化安息香缩合反应、Stetter反应、a^3-d^3极性反转反应、环合反应和氟化反应等.

Since the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene was isolated by Arduengo in 1991, N-heterocyclic carbine has developed rapidly as a kind of efficient organic catalyst. It plays important role in building complex molecules in organic synthesis for the characteristics of umpolung. Some special Lewis bases and oxidants can induce carbine reaction with carbonyl to form Breslow intermediates, enol and homoenolate, which expand the reaction greatly. In this paper, the recent progresses in organic catalytic reactions including Stetter reaction, a3-d3 umpolung catalyzed by carbines are reviewed.