铁角蕨属与鸟巢蕨属8种植物的形态解剖特征研究

Morphological and anatomical characteristics of eight species of Asplenium genus and Neottopteris genus

利用光学显微镜对铁角蕨科铁角蕨属4种植物(长叶铁角蕨、石生铁角蕨、岭南铁脚蕨、细裂铁角蕨)与巢蕨属4种植物(细叶鸟巢蕨、圆叶鸟巢蕨、鹿角鸟巢蕨、皱叶鸟巢蕨)的叶表皮结构、叶脉特征、气孔类型、根和叶柄的维管束形态进行了观察和研究,探讨两属8种植物的形态和亲缘关系,为区别两属的系统分类提供依据。结果表明,铁角蕨科两属8种植物的上表皮细胞大小、气孔器类型、叶柄横切面形态均无属间差异;4种铁角蕨属植物的气孔大小显著大于巢蕨属植物的;4种巢蕨属植物的叶脉序具有属的特征,明显区别于铁角蕨属植物。通过对8种植物形态解剖学的比较,为铁角蕨属和巢蕨属植物的形态特征补充了基础数据,并为两属植物的系统分类提供参考依据。因此,把8种蕨类植物分为不同科属是符合分类学的分类结果。说明以上特征是蕨类植物科属分类的重要依据之一。

In this study,leaf epidermal structure,vein characteristics,porosity type,morphology of root and petiole vascular of four Asplenium species（ Asplenium prolongatum,Asplenium saxicola,Asplenium sampsoni,Asplenium tenuifolium） and four Neottopteris species（ Asplenium nidus sinensis,Neottopteris nidus Avis,Asplenium nidus wallichii Hook,Asplenium nidus cv.Crisped） were observed using an optical microscope,in order to research morphological and genetic relationship of 8 species and provide evidence for phyletic classification.The results show that leaf epidermal structure,porosity type and petiole transaction of 8 species are similar;the size of stoma of four Asplenium species is bigger;leaf venation of four Neottopteris species has typical character of the genus,which is obviously different from Asplenium species. Through systemic studies of comparative anatomy of the 8 species,essential data of morphological characteristics between the two genera were supplemented. These results will provide anatomical evidence for the phyletic classification of the 8 species. Therefore,the 8 species of fernsdivided into different genera is the classification results according to the taxonomy. Research also shows that the above characteristics can be as one of the important basis for the classification of ferns.