24个油棕品种对3种真菌性叶斑病的抗病性评价及生防细菌的分离、筛选

Resistance evaluation of 24 oil palm species to three fungal pathogens and the isolation and screening of biological control agents

通过针刺接种方法,将24个油棕品种对3种病原菌(YZ-4、YZ-6和YZ-8)的抗病性进行评价,发现对YZ-4抗病性较强的油棕品种为RY-2和RY-6,对YZ-6抗病性较强的油棕品种为RY-9、RY-14、RY-15、RY-31、RY-37、RY-38,对YZ-8抗病性较强的油棕品种为RY-38;可见不同品种对病原菌的抗性存在差异。针对3种病原菌进行生防菌株的分离和筛选,从不同生境(根、叶、土壤)中分离到138株细菌,测定其几丁质酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶活性,以及产生吲哚乙酸和嗜铁素等次生代谢物能力,采用平板对峙法进行颉颃活性测定。结果表明,138株菌株产生长素的菌株最多,比例达75.36%;无产几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶的菌株;产蛋白酶、纤维素酶和嗜铁素的比例分别为67.39%、58.70%和63.04%。AR156对YZ-4具有很强颉颃性,综合赋值总分为13;HNLE-4-2和3BS3对YZ-6具有最好颉颃效果,其综合赋值总分为10;3BS3对YZ-8具有最好的颉颃效果,综合赋值总分为10。

The resistances of 24 oil palm species to pathogens of YZ-4,YZ-6 and YZ-8 were evaluated by the method of needle inoculation. The results showed that different cultivars behaved different resistances to different pathogens. RY-2 and RY-6 had higher disease resistance to YZ-4. RY-9,RY-14,RY-15,RY-31,RY-37 and RY-38 showed good resistance to YZ-6,and YZ-8 showed weak pathogenicity to RY-38. In addition,the antagonistic activity,production of hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites was carried out on 138 strains isolated from different habitats（ roots,leaves,soil）. Results showed that strains produced IAA had the largest percentage according to 75.36 percent and no strain produced chitinase and Glucanase,the strains producing protease,cellulase and siderophore were 67.39%,58.70% and 63.04%,respectively. Further result showed that AR156 and 3 BS3 were proved to have antagonistic activity on YZ-4 and YZ-8,which reached to 13 and 10 scores respectively. HNLE-4-2 and 3 BS3 showed well antagonistic activity on YZ-6 and comprehensive score was 10. The results provide the preliminary research foundation for obtaining high quality of biocontrol bacteria resources.