蛋白质及多肽作为水产品抗冻剂的应用及其机理

Application and mechanisms of proteins and polypeptides as cryoprotectants in aquatic products

水产品营养丰富易于消化,深受人们的喜爱,并且产量巨大,一般通过冷冻方式对其进行贮藏。但是由于水产品中水分和蛋白质含量很高,在冻藏过程中,易发生冷冻诱导变性,造成品质劣变。目前添加抗冻剂是有效缓解品质劣变的方法之一,已被研究出的抗冻剂有糖类、多聚磷酸盐、水溶胶、蛋白质及多肽等。文中探讨了水产品的冷冻变性机理,结合国内外研究重点综述了蛋白质以及多肽作为抗冻剂的应用效果,并且探讨了其作用机理。

Aquatic products are consumers＇ favorite products due to its nutrients and easy digestion. However, aquatic products are easy to deteriorate because of their higher water and protein content. The protein denaturation oc- curs frequently during frozen storage. Cryoprotectant is considered to be one of the most effective ways to prevent fro- zen aquatic products from protein denaturation. The cryoprotactants, such as saccharides, polyphosphates, hydrosol, proteins and hydrolysates have been widely studied. This study elaborated the denaturation mechanism of aquatic products. The relevant studies around the world and the application of proteins and polypeptides as cryoproteetants were discussed. The underlying mechanisms of cryoprotective effect were elucidated. This study provides a theoretical guidance for novel protein cryoproteetants.