重庆市九龙坡区学龄儿童贫血与体格生长的关系调查

Relationship between anemia and basic growth indicators in school-aged children in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing

目的:探讨学龄期儿童贫血与体格生长的关系。方法:在重庆市九龙坡区采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对5所全日制公立小学的6 260名学龄儿童进行体格测量及血生化指标检查。统计分析贫血组及非贫血组间常用体格生长指标(体质量、身高)和与贫血相关的血常规指标,如红细胞平均容积(mean corpuscular volume,MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,MCHC)和红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)的差异及相关性。结果:4 730例有效样本中,共检出1 140例贫血儿童,贫血的总检出率为24.1%,女童贫血的检出率显著高于男童(男童检出率为22.6%,女童检出率为25.7%,χ2=6.100,P=0.010)。各年龄组(6岁~、7岁~、8岁~、9岁~、10岁~、11岁~、12岁~)贫血检出率分别为29.1%、29.1%、27.6%、23.7%、20.9%、17.4%、10.5%。不同年龄组间贫血检出率存在显著差异(χ2=75.800,P=0.000)。贫血组与非贫血组间的体格生长指标、血常规指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。贫血对儿童的体质量及身高均具有显著影响(分别为F=124.400,P=0.000;F=93.650,P=0.000)。血红蛋白(Hb)浓度与体质量、身高、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、MCV、MCH、MCHC均具有显著相关性(相关系数分别为0.233、0.221、0.174、0.277、0.427、0.319,P值均为0.000)。结论:重庆市九龙坡区学龄儿童贫血的发生率较高;贫血的发生与年龄、性别、体质量和身高均存在相关关系;贫血对学龄期儿童的体质量及身高均具有显著影响。提示重庆市九龙坡区学龄儿童贫血情况需高度重视,应该加强对该类儿童家长及儿童本身的营养宣教,提高其对营养的关注度,合理膳食。

Objective：To explore the relationship between anemia and basic growth indicators. Methods：Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was employed and 5 schools were selected in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China. Totally 6 260 school-aged chil- dren signed up for the physical examination and blood test. Valid？subjects were divided into anemia group and non-anemia group ac- cording to the hemoglobin level. Statistical analysis was used to explore the difference and-correlation of anthropometric data（weight and height） and blood index, including mean corpuscular volume （MCV）, mean corpuscular hemoglobin （MCH）, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration （MCHC） and red blood cell distribution width （RDW） between anemia group and non-anemia group. Results：There were 1 140 anemia children in 4 730 valid subjects,the incidence rate of anemia was 24.1%. And the incidence of anemia in girls was significantly higher than that of boys＇ （boy ： 22.6%, girls：25.7% ,X2=6.1, P=0.01 ）. The incidence of anemia in each group（6 years~,7 years ~,8 years -,9 years ~,10 years -,11 years -,12 years -） were 29.1% ,29.1%,27.6%,23.7%,20.9%, 17.4%, 10.5%. The incidence of anemia was significantly different in different ages（x2=75.8,P=0.000）. There were significant differ- enee in growth indicators and blood routine examination indexes between the anemia group and non-anemia group （P〈0.05）. Ane- mia significantly affected children＇s weight and height（F=124.4,P=0.000;F=93.65,P=0.000）. Hemoglobin was significantly eor- related with weight, height, body mass index, MCV, MCH, MCHC （correlation coefficients were 0.233,0.221,0.174,0.277,0.427,0.319 respectively;all P=0.000）. Conclusion：The incidence of anemia is very high in school-aged children in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing： Anemia and age, sex,weight and height are correlated. Anemia affects school-aged children＇s weight and height signifi- cantly, suggesting that high attention should by paid to anemia of school-aged children living in that area and propaganda for children and their parents should be strengthened.