自动续期制度设计中的公平考量

Fairness Consideration in the Designs of Automatic Renewal of the Usage Rights of Residential Construction Land

住宅建设用地使用权自动续期的规制目标是清楚的,而对于何种规制方案能够实现上述目标则众说纷纭。自动续期问题的实质是如何实现土地资源的公平分配。一概无偿自动续期以及"一次获得,永久使用"等方案看似合理,实则有违市场逻辑,对既有的居住建设用地使用权人并不公平,且会诱发地方政府的策略行为或投机行为。而采用市场方式进行个别化谈判和灵活期限续期以及试错的做法同样会产生极高的交易成本,并产生不公平的结果和系统性风险。这些都可能破坏自动续期规制目标的实现。自动续期制度设计必须以公平等法律价值为基点并在效果上接受其检验。

The regulatory objectives of automatic renewal of the usage rights of residential construction land are clear,however there are many opinions about which regulatory scheme can achieve the above objectives. In substance,the essence of the automatic renewal is how to realize the fairness consideration of distribution of land resources. The design of unconditional free renewal seems reasonable,but it will cause the serious unfairness among rightholders and will induce the local government＇ s strategic behavior or speculation. The market approach to individual negotiations and flexible renewals and trial and error will also result in extremely high transaction costs,and produce unfair results and systemic risks. This also undermine the goal of automatic renewal. The design of automatic renewal must be based on the fairness and be tested by it.