基于高通量测序技术研究成年大熊猫肠道菌群

Gut microbiome of adult giant pandas based on high-throughput sequencing technology

选取6只成年健康大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、1只成年亚健康大熊猫,基于高通量测序技术,测定其肠道内细菌及真菌组成,研究性别和健康状况对成年大熊猫肠道微生物的影响,分析不同年龄段大熊猫肠道菌群的差异.结果表明,在门水平,成年大熊猫肠道内细菌主要为Proteobacteria和Firmicutes,真菌主要为Ascomycota和Basidiomycota.在属水平,成年大熊猫肠道细菌为Escherichia、Streptococcus、Clostridium及Leuconostoc,真菌为Humicola.雌性和雄性大熊猫肠道菌群没有显著性差异(P>0.05),健康大熊猫肠道细菌Esherichia、Clostridium(53.33%、1.10%)的含量比亚健康大熊猫(2.48%、0.00%)高,Streptococcus(22.88%)的含量比亚健康大熊猫(48.15%)低,健康大熊猫肠道真菌的多样性高于亚健康大熊猫.与文献比较发现,大熊猫肠道内菌群多样性为成年>老年>亚成体,随年龄增长,成年时Streptococcus(22.88%)、Leuconostoc(2.97%)和Clostridium(1.10%)的含量升高,Shigella(6.25%)和Citrobater(2.50%)的含量降低,老年时Weissella(16.67%)的含量升高,Leuconostoc(2.97%)和Clostridium(1.10%)的含量降低.本研究结果表明身体健康状况和年龄对大熊猫肠道微生物菌群结构组成有影响,成年大熊猫性别对肠道菌群没有影响.

To investigate the effects of sex, health condition, and age on the gut microbiomes of giant pandas, the structure and composition of bacteria and fungi of six adult giant pandas in health and one in sub-health were studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. Simultaneously, the gut microbiomes of giant pandas of various ages were compared based on previous studies. The gut microbiomes of female and male giant pandas were not significantly correlated （P 〉 0.05）. The main bacterial phyla in healthy adult giant pandas consisted of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and the main fungal phyla consisted of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, the bacteria mainly consisted of Escherichia, Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Leuconostoc, and the fungi mainly consisted of Humicola. However, the percentage of Esherichia and Clostridium （53.33% and 1.10%, respectively） in the intestinal flora and the diversity of fungi of giant pandas in health were both higher than those of giant pandas in sub-health, and the percentage of Streptococcus （22.88%） was lower. Comparing the gut microbiomes of sub-adult, adult, and geriatric giant pandas, the diversity in adult giant pandas was the highest, followed by that in geriatric and sub-adult pandas. The percentages of Streptococcus （22.88%）, Clostridium （1.10%）, and Leuconostoc （2.97%） in adult giant pandas were higher and those of Shigella （6.25%） and Citrobater （2.50%） were lower than those of sub-adult pandas. For geriatric giant pandas, the percentage of Weissella （16.67%） was higher and those of Leuconostoc （2.97%） and Clostridium （1.10%） were lower than those of adult giant pandas. Therefore, our study show that health condition and age probably have a significant influence on giant panda gut microbiomes while sex has not.