中药毒理学研究中体外细胞毒性的评价指标及检测方法

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation Indicator and Test Methods Applied in Toxicology of Traditional Chinese Medicine

中药毒性是客观存在的,目前大多数中药毒性作用机制尚不明确,国内外研究均处在探索和积累阶段。面对中药现代化发展的需要,对有毒中药的毒性进行定性和定量分析,阐明毒性发生机制,建立评价中药毒性级别的客观实验数据和中药安全性的评价模式显得越来越重要。在继承传统的基础上,借鉴现代毒理学的研究思路、手段和方法,将基因组学、蛋白质组学以及代谢组学等新方法应用于中药毒性标志物挖掘和毒性机制等方面也已得到越来越多的应用。而体外细胞毒性评价作为传统动物模型毒性评价的替代方法正是在这一基础上发展起来的,在发现早期、轻微和隐匿的中药毒性上具有显著优势。且基于人类细胞或细胞系的体外毒理学检测途径的定量自动化高通量检测与筛选,更是提高了中药毒理学的检测效率。查阅近年来国内外文献,系统地梳理和综述关于体外细胞毒性实验的优势、特殊性、评价指标和检测方法,探讨其存在的问题,发展和完善中药毒性的研究体系。

The toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM） is an objective existence. At present,most of the toxic mechanism of TCM is unclear, and the research is still at the phase of exploration and accumulation at home and abroad. To meet the modern development of TCM,it is very important to establish the objective experimental data of toxic grades and the safety evaluation model. Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics have been increasingly applied in identifying TCM toxic markers and toxic mechanism. Besides,in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation,as an alternative method for evaluating traditional toxicity with animal models,has been widely studied and applied. It also has a distinct advantage in diagnozing early,slight,hidden toxicity.Besides,the quantitative automation high throughput detection and screening based on human cells or cell lines have helped improve the toxicology detection efficiency. The preponderance,particularity,evaluation index and detection methods for in vitro cytotoxicity tests are reviewed to discuss the existing problem,with the aim to develop and improve the research system of TCM toxicity.