应急管理中的“脆弱性”与“抗逆力”:从隐喻到功能实现

"Vulnerability" and "Resilience" in the Emergency Management:From Metaphor to Functional Realization

"脆弱性"和"抗逆力"作为应急管理领域中两个具有隐喻属性的多学科概念,其发展沿革是一个学科集成化和内涵扩展的过程,但长期以来存在定义不清甚至混用的情况。对此,本文立足于交叉学科的视角,基于"原子图谱法"的数据统计指标提炼出客观聚焦心像,基于已有概念演进过程的回溯与考量提取出质性指标,从而在综合集成主客观信息的基础上实现概念内涵与外延的精准勾勒。研究显示,"脆弱性"和"抗逆力"相互独立并交互影响,是一种依据具体情境而变化的动态存在。其中,"脆弱性"强调暴露于特定情境时,由于系统对多重扰动的敏感性而呈现出的一种易受损害的可能性,在人地耦合系统的交互过程中以抵抗不利影响、实现适应性和恢复力的动态过程量为显著表征,是一种随时空演进而动态变化的多重循环属性。而"抗逆力"概念外延比"脆弱性"更为广泛,强调系统能够积极抗御和适应风险灾害的冲击,既包括通过风险因素与保护因素的互动机制发挥自组织作用的内在特质,也包括在动态的应对过程中,通过多样性策略调用冗余资源和启动重构,以快速实现减灾和恢复常态的能力。

The objective of this paper is to determine a definition for'Vulnerability'and'Resilience'in the field of emergency management so as to lay the foundation theory for emergency management.Based on interdisciplinary perspective and statistical index of the Atomic Spectrum Method,objective focusing image were extracted.Qualitative indexes are extracted by considering the evolution of existing concepts as well.Research shows that the'Vulnerability'and'Resilience'are independent and interactive,which varies dynamically depending on the situation.'Vulnerability'emphasizes the possibility of exposure to a particular situation with multiple perturbations.In the process of the interaction of the coupled system,it exhibits the resistance to adverse effects,achieving adaptability and resilience.However,'Resilience'emphasizes the ability of social systems to sustain and adapt to the impact of risk disasters.Through the interaction mechanism of protection factors and risk factors,it can play a self-organizing role.Meanwhile,it can effectively mobilize resources and start reconstruction through a diversity strategy,so as to achieve the ability to resist crisis and restore normalcy.Compared with the practical application,the theoretical research is relatively weak in the early stage of emergency management.As two multidisciplinary concepts with metaphors,the development of'Vulnerability'and'Resilience'is a process of integration and expansion of the subject.Hence,the key limitation is that the study belongs to the cornerstone work,which needs a lot of in-depth excavation and research in future research.According to the statistical analysis of focused image and qualitative analysis,the paper accomplished the definition of'Vulnerability'and'Resilience'.Meanwhile,the relationship between them were elaborated.Therefore,it will be conducive to provide a scientific theoretical basis and positive reference for the emergency government of governments.The conceptual connotation and extension can be accurately sketched on the basis of the integration of subjective and objective information.Furthermore,new characteristic has been introduced into the development of the basic theory,which will play a basic supporting role in the theoretical research and practical exploration in the field of emergency management.