基于线路“异质性”假设的轴辐式公共交通网络优化研究

Research on the Optimization of Hub and Spoke Public Transportation Network Based on the Line “Heterogeneity” Hypothesis

特大城市公共交通局部静态拥堵问题日益成为制约公共交通网络运行效率提高的关键。针对这一问题改变线路"同质性"假设,在线路"异质性"假设的基础上,提出了将轴辐式网络设计运用到公共交通领域中来,综合考虑居民采用公共交通方式出行的单位运输可变成本、不变成本、枢纽换乘成本等要素,将枢纽间大型客车干线运输所带来的规模经济效应进行量化,构建了基于单分配、多枢纽、混合式网络结构特征的轴辐式公共交通网络优化模型,旨在多重约束下通过枢纽布局降低网络运输成本,提高公共交通网络站点的可达性。最后根据模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,并通过算例分析与讨论的方式验证了模型的有效性。

The problem of local static congestion in public transport is becoming the key factor to improve the effi- ciency of public transport network. To solve this problem, we change the line ＂homogeneity＂ hypothesis, and put forward the hub and spoke network design applied in the field of public traffic. Then based on considering the variable transportation cost per unit,constant cost, hub transfer cost etcetera, we quantify the economies of scale brought about by the trunk bus transportation between hubs. In order to improve the accessibility of public transport network sites, and reduce the transportation cost through the hub layout under multiple constraints, we build a model of hub and spoke public transport network optimization which conform to single distribution, multi hub and hybrid hub and spoke network structure features. Finally, based on the Simulated Annealing, the validi- ty of the model is verified by the example analysis and discussion.