类别归纳中具体与一般结论任务的ERP特征比较

Electrophysiological Differences Between Specific and General Conclusions During Category-Based Induction

研究采用事件相关电位技术(ERPs),比较了具体结论类别归纳推理(例如,前提条件:苹果X1,推论结论条件:梨子X1?,即梨子是否也具有属性X1)与一般结论类别归纳推理(例如,前提条件:苹果X1,推论结论条件:水果X1?,即水果是否也具有属性X1)的ERP特征差异.实验结果显示:与基线条件相比(例如,前提条件:苹果X1,推论结论条件:苹果X1?),具体和一般条件诱发了更大的P2,反映了具体与一般结论增加的汉字正字法的表征分析过程;同时具体和一般结论条件比基线条件诱发了更大的N2成分,反映了知觉匹配.另外,具体结论条件比一般结论条件诱发了更小的P3b成分,反映了具体结论条件比一般结论条件需要更多的工作记忆或有更低水平的推理预期满意程度.最后,具体结论条件比一般结论条件诱发了更大的N400成分,表明具体结论条件比一般结论条件需要更多的认知努力整合信息.这些发现表明,在类别归纳推理中,具体结论与一般结论条件在ERP特征上是存在差异的.

In an experiment reported here,the event-related potential responses to specific conclusions（e.g.inference from apples having property X to bananas having property X）and general conclusions（e.g.inference from apples having property X to fruits having property X）were compared to reveal the implicit categorization in semantic memory by demonstrating the conclusion-specificity effects during category-based induction.The results showed that specific-and general-conclusion tasks elicited larger P2 amplitudes than did identical-conclusion tasks（e.g.inference from apples having property X to apples having property X）,reflecting the analysis of orthographic representations for Chinese words.Specific-and general-conclusion tasks also elicited larger N2 and N400components than did identical-conclusion tasks,reflecting perceptual mismatches.Moreover,the results showed that specific-conclusion arguments elicited smaller P3 bthan did general-conclusion tasks,reflecting higher load on working memory or lower degree of expectation satisfaction for specific-conclusion arguments during reasoning.Furthermore,the results showed that specific-conclusions elicited larger N400 components than did general-conclusions,suggesting the increasing cognitive effort for semantic integration for specific-conclusion arguments.These findings indicated that there were different event-related potential responses between specific-and general-conclusion arguments during category-based induction.