电动汽车主动悬架系统阻尼可调减振器设计及固有频率试验

Design of a Damping Adjustable Shock Absorber for the Active Suspension System and Natural Frequency Test

为了增加电动汽车主动悬架系统阻尼可调减振器的工作模式及其调节范围,以某液压减振器为基础,设计了一种阻尼多模式切换可调的减振器.分析了阻尼多模式切换可调减振器的工作原理及其阻尼特性.基于阻尼多模式切换可调减振器的"软压缩软回弹"、"硬压缩软回弹"、"软压缩硬回弹"和"硬压缩硬回弹"工作模式,设计了阻尼多模式切换可调减振器减振支柱总成和电磁阀总成.同时设计了基于INSTRON8800单通道数字控制液压伺服激振台的阻尼多模式切换可调减振器试验台架系统,进行了不同阻尼模式下的固有频率试验和车身振动加速度响应的频谱分析.结果表明:后悬架簧上质量的固有频率均高于前悬架,比值关系接近于1.2∶1,后悬架的簧下质量固有频率小于前悬架,比值关系约为1∶1.1~1∶1,反映了阻尼多模式切换可调减振器在压缩行程和回弹行程阻尼特性的可行性,对主动悬架系统及其控制策略的设计具有重要的理论研究价值和工程应用前景.

In order to increase the damping adjustable working modes and expand the adjustment range of the active suspension system of electrically powered vehicles,a multi-mode switching adjustable shock absorber was designed based on a hydraulic damper shock absorber.Its working principle and damping characteristics were analyzed.A strut-suspension assembly and an electromagnetic valve assembly of the shock absorber were designed based on its different working modes：＂soft compression soft rebound＂,＂hard compression soft rebound＂,＂soft compression hard rebound＂and ＂hard compression hard rebound＂.A bench test system was designed based on the INSTRON8800 single channel digital control hydraulic servo vibration table.A natural frequency test and a frequency spectrum analysis of vibration acceleration response of the body under different damping modes were carried out.The results showed that the natural frequency of the rear suspension spring was higher than that of the front suspension,with a ratio of about 1.2∶1,and that the natural frequency of the rear suspension was lower than that of the front suspension,the ratio being about 1∶1.1~1∶1.It is expected that the results of this study is of important theoretical value and has a good engineering application prospect for active suspension system and its control strategy.