我国精神障碍鉴定的现实弊病及改革路径——以武昌胡某“砍头案”为切入点

The reality of psychiatric assessment in our country and reform path——Hu "beheading case" in Wuchang as the breakthrough point

近年来,随着精神障碍患者犯罪案件的频频发生,精神障碍患者免责的现象也相应增多,武昌胡某"砍头案"仅是其中一例。为防止"不实"精神障碍鉴定的发生,保障精神障碍患者免责的实效,需要分析精神障碍患者免责的价值基础,解构精神障碍鉴定的若干标准及相关法律规定。认识到目前精神障碍鉴定主要存在着法律规定含糊不清、鉴定标准尺度不一、鉴定的启动主体设置失当三个方面的问题,并从明确界定精神障碍的标准、规范鉴定人员的准入条件、合理设置鉴定的启动主体、严惩"不实"精神障碍鉴定四个方面提出解决措施。

In recent years, with the cases of mental patient crime increasing, the mental patient exemption phenomenon also increased accordingly. Hu ＂beheading case＂ ＇in Wuchang is just one example. To prevent the occurrence of ＂false＂ psychiatric assessment, and to ensure the quality and effect of the mental patient exemption, it is needed to analyze the value basis of liability of mental patients, several criteria of deconstruction psychiatric assess- ment and relevant laws and regulations. Recognizing the ambiguous legal rules of the psychiatric assessment, the differentiation of appraisal standard, inappropriate of applying subject of identification, this paper suggested four so- lutions measures as following： clearly definition of psychiatric standard, access standard of appraisal personnel con- ditions, rational identification of applying subject, severely punishment of ＂false＂ psychosis appraisal.